Freeze damage affects plants differently

The weather during the past few weeks has done some damage to area crops and gardens. There are several variables which play into how the plants were affected; those being stage of maturity, location, variety, actual temperatures, etc. Each field, garden or flower bed will be affected differently.

Let's start with alfalfa. If the growing point cluster has been frozen and the plants are wilted and turning brown, the plants should be harvested to promote new shoots from the crown. Stubble should be left 3 inches, provided there is not regrowth that will be affected by this height. Shoots will eventually begin to grow if not harvested, but will be much slower and fewer than if removed.

If damaged alfalfa is cut, watch regrowth for the presence of weevils. When insecticides have already been applied, it is important to be aware of any residual effects or label regulations for haying or grazing.

If there is new growth at the tip or branches growing just below the tip, there may have been damage to the growing point, but recovery is occurring; therefore no action is necessary.

As for wheat, an early April frost is normally not a problem, but this year there is damage due to the fact that our wheat was about two weeks earlier in development. Once again, symptoms and total damage will vary from field to field.

If the main tillers were damaged, the secondary tillers may develop into a good stand. These fields may not look the best with the primary heads absent, but with good spring growing conditions the secondary tillers can produce good yields.

The tillers have been damaged when new leaves emerge with a yellowish-tan color. If both the primary and secondary tillers are damaged, we may see a reduction of yields. On wheat that is still upright, one can determine if freeze damage has occurred by feeling the stem. If there is a soft spot present, freeze damage has occurred. In severe instances this spot may develop a whitish-yellowish color. This is when the secondary tillers need to be evaluated.

Severely damaged wheat can be mowed and baled or grazed. Depending on the amount of forage and the size of plants, it is possible to get about 2 tons of forage per acre.

We still have a limited time to plant these acres to corn, and have more time to plant to milo. Resides of wheat herbicides need to be taken into consideration prior to replanting. In general, STS beans and grain sorghum are considered the most tolerant summer crops to these herbicides; with corn being very susceptible. Before any actions are taken, it is vital to check with your crop insurance company to determine their requirements.

Editor's Note: Delta George is a KState Research and Extension agriculture and 4H extension agent assigned to Bourbon County. She may be reached at (620) 2233720.